With the increasing expansion of social media and their role in shaping the flow of information, the issue of spreading false information, especially in critical situations, has become one of the important communication and social challenges. The present study aimed to investigate the role of social networks in spreading fake news, with an emphasis on the case study of the "Ramadan War". This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method with a survey approach. The statistical population included active users of social networks, and the sample size was determined using the Cochran formula, 384 people. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the Likert scale, whose validity was confirmed by experts' opinions .and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software and statistical methods including Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling. The results showed that social network characteristics and users' psychological factors have a positive and significant effect on the spread of fake news, while trust in the media and media literacy have a negative and significant effect. Also, the critical conditions of the "Ramadan War" as a contextual factor plays an aggravating role in the relationships between the variables. Based on the findings, a multilevel policy model including technological, behavioral, and institutional interventions was presented to manage the spread of fake news. This model emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to controlling information in critical situations. The results of this research can help policymakers and media managers design effective solutions to combat fake news.