This study examines the representation and framing of the 12-day Iran–Israel war in BBC Persian’s Instagram posts. Its theoretical framework draws on Stuart Hall’s theory of representation, Robert Entman’s framing model, and the concept of news gatekeeping. The study employs quantitative and qualitative content analysis [FF1], with Instagram posts related to the war serving as the unit of analysis. [FF2] The study population comprised 570 posts published on BBC Persian’s official Instagram account concerning the 12-day Iran–Israel war, all of which were examined using a census approach. First, the posts were coded according to the established frames, categories, and subcategories, and their frequencies were calculated. Subsequently, the content was qualitatively analyzed based on Entman’s framing model and Hall’s theory of representation. The findings indicate that, within the emergency frame, the consequences of the war for Iranian society and infrastructure received greater prominence. Within the war damage frame, military and infrastructural damage in Iran was represented more extensively than corresponding damage in Israel, whereas the difference in coverage of civilian casualties on the two sides was smaller. Within the war agent frame, Israel was more frequently identified as the initiator of the war, while the attribution of blame to the two parties was almost equal. Furthermore, within the heroization frame, Israel’s military achievements were presented alongside the representation of Iran in terms of deterrence and legitimate self-defense. Findings from the solution and contested claims frames also indicate differences in the prominence given to the parties’ political positions and military claims. Overall, the findings derived from the frame analysis suggest that BBC Persian’s Instagram coverage of the 12-day war did not present a consistent and neutral account of the conflict. Rather, through the combination of seven meaning-making frames, it constructed a selective and directional representation of the state of emergency in Iran.