Virtual space and social media studies

Abstract One of the prerequisites of governance is measurement and evaluation through indicators. Indicators enable the identification of a country’s changes over time, the recognition of the impacts of policies, comparisons between countries, descriptions of a country’s current status, and more. This research aims to identify indicators of Islamic culture in cyberspace. In this research, the focus on indicators is to describe Islamic culture in the digital realm. The first and most crucial step in measurement and indicator development is formulating a theoretical framework for constructing metrics and statistical indicators. A robust theoretical framework serves as a starting point for creating composite indicators. The theoretical framework must clearly articulate the phenomenon to be measured and its constituent components. Based on the methodology of developing a theoretical framework, the research results indicated that these theoretical frameworks consist of sections: 1. Scope of measurement, 2. Sub-scopes of measurement, 3. Concepts (composite indicators) under sub-scopes, and 4. Dimensions of concepts.
Through a comprehensive literature review (documentary method) and a descriptive-analytical approach with conceptual breakdown, the scope of measurement, sub-scopes, concepts thereunder, and dimensions of concepts were meticulously identified. The scope of measurement, “Islamic culture in cyberspace,” Was established based on theoretical studies. Four sub-scopes were then selected for the scope of measurement, namely: 1. Islamic beliefs, 2. Islamic values, 3. Islamic norms, and 4. Islamic and Muslim symbols. In the fourth sub-scope, the research not only considers Islamic culture but also the culture of Muslims in cyberspace. Finally, the concepts of each sub-scope and the dimensions of each concept were identified and summarized in four tables, showcasing the thoroughness of the research process.

Abstract This qualitative study investigates the mechanisms employed by YouTube for content moderation of video content, focusing on the combination of human and automated approaches. By employing a case study methodology and qualitative content analysis, the research examines YouTube's policies, community guidelines, and technological features to understand how the platform manages user-generated content. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating human and automated content moderation practices to address the challenges and complexities of monitoring a vast amount of global content. Findings underscore the need for transparent, consistent, and adaptable content moderation strategies, while also highlighting the potential implications for user behavior and algorithmic bias in automated systems. Recommendations for future research and platform governance are discussed, accentuating the significance of further exploration into the impact and effectiveness of content moderation on YouTube and other online platforms. Overall, the results of this article indicate the complexity of monitoring video content, the increasing use of artificial intelligence to moderate video content, and the risks arising from it. Considering that native platforms are developing in Iran, it is important to pay attention to their governance mechanisms. In this regard, the governance mechanism of a global platform like YouTube, as a video-sharing platform, can serve as a potential model for Iranian platforms.

Abstract The media is a means of conveying a collective message, and this communication is the cornerstone of a democratic society. People's contributions and benefits, and on the other hand, the activism of the media and their agents, are subject to legal requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to compile and revise media laws, which include collecting, classifying and distinguishing effective and valid laws from others. In order to solve the mentioned problems, taking advantage of the participation of groups related to the law in the legislative process, making more use of the capacity of legal bills as a law initiative, increasing the use of expert capacities in the process of drafting and approving laws, reducing the speed of legislation and paying attention to revising laws, determining The guarantee of effective implementation for the implementation of the law and the like were introduced as effective solutions for the implementation of laws in Iran's legal system. The most important finding of this research is the presentation of desirable principles in limiting the freedom of the media, based on which conclusions and evaluations have been made. The results of this research indicate that the Nordic regulations accepted in the Scandinavian countries have a correct understanding of the category of media freedom; .

Abstract Background and purpose: The emergence of active figures in the arena of new media and social networks to gain fame and attract fans by using a variety of distinct and special activities has become widespread, with policies, this capacity can be directed in a purposeful and positive direction. Therefore, the current research was done with the aim of knowing the "reputation culture in the management of trending news in the virtual space (Instagram case study)" and knowing the existing policy. In the theoretical foundations of the concept of information society and social network, and the main question of the research is, how is the politics of reputation culture in the management of rumors and trending news in the virtual space? Method: Qualitative content analysis was used to present the results and classify the data. The studied community or research analysis unit includes the most visited pages of 20 famous people and influencers on Instagram, which were selected purposefully. The findings show that the category of celebrity culture is weak in famous people and in the five main dimensions of body, clothing, food and household items and expressing or showing their works to the audience. Therefore, there is no policy of celebrity culture by cultural managers to encourage famous people to act on the trending news of cyberspace, and the messages of these people are not targeted and informative.

Abstract The theories of globalization and the global village, underpinned by the digital infrastructure, have induced profound and substantive transformations at both micro and macro levels, influencing societal cultures and the lives of the world's youth. The transition from static, traditional societies to dynamic, modern ones has accelerated, and religious authorities' conventional methods of religious proselytization have undergone significant changes. Amidst the turbulence of modern society, we have witnessed the emergence of mystical and spiritual movements that have rapidly transcended national boundaries, leveraging the power of digital platforms to infiltrate cultures and shape identities.
A substantial portion of today's youth have become disengaged from traditional religious indoctrination and are instead influenced by the cultural and spiritual teachings disseminated through digital spaces. The digital realm has facilitated unprecedented opportunities for connection and cultural penetration, and if not managed effectively, it poses significant challenges and threats to the younger generation.
This research aims to critically analyze the impact of new-age spirituality and mysticism on youth culture within the digital context. Employing a qualitative, library-based, and analytical-descriptive methodology, this study reveals that the digital space offers opportunities for new-age spiritual and mystical movements to flourish while simultaneously presenting associated threats. The combined effects of these positive and negative influences on youth and national cultures have been subjected to a critical analysis. The study concludes by proposing practical recommendations centred around three key areas: strengthening youth culture, safeguarding national identity, and managing mystical and spiritual movements, which are crucial in addressing the issues raised.

Abstract Social media is currently a very powerful tool for personal and social development. Due to the high influence of social media, this type of communication shapes or changes the patterns of people's daily interactions. On the other hand, one of the subjects studied about the performance of social media is research in the field of media consumption in general and the subject orientation to media content in particular. Consumption in social media as a cultural and informational or news product has content dimensions: social, cultural, educational, political and economic, which identifies the relationship between the type of interest of users and their background characteristics (age, gender, education, etc.). .) and choosing the type of news topics provides valuable results for researchers. The purpose of this article is to identify the demographic relationship of young people with their interest in news topics in the Telegram messenger, which was carried out using a survey-quantitative method and using a questionnaire tool in the statistical population of young people of Tehran metropolis (326 people). According to the results, the young users of the Telegram messenger studied in this research focus more on news topics that are centered around social issues, and they also show a lower interest in economic topics in the Telegram social network environment. In addition, among the variables of age, gender, income and education, the subjects obtained higher scores in the "income" variable and lower scores in the "age" variable, which shows this situation. There is a significant relationship between the income of young people and more use of social themes of news in Telegram.