Research Problem: With the proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in contemporary legal systems, new avenues for innovation in judicial processes have emerged. In the Iranian criminal justice system, while the use of smart tools can contribute to increased judicial accuracy and crime detection by accelerating proceedings, reducing human error, and better organizing information, their unregulated integration into criminal proceedings presents risks such as algorithmic bias, lack of transparency in decision-support models, threats to citizens' privacy, and the potential erosion of judicial independence. These risks may affect fundamental fair trial principles, including the presumption of innocence, the right to an effective defense, and the equality of arms.

Aim: This research is conducted with the aim of analyzing the feasibility of utilizing AI in the Iranian criminal justice system and elucidating the legal requirements and regulatory frameworks necessary to safeguard fundamental rights and human dignity. Using a descriptive-analytical approach and examining legal documents, this study evaluates the implications of AI technology in the context of criminal procedure principles.

Findings: indicate that while AI plays an effective role in detecting criminal behavior and analyzing vast amounts of data, its use in the absence of regulatory frameworks leads to serious challenges regarding the validity of evidence and judicial competence. The study suggests that to benefit from the efficiency of this technology, intelligent systems must be designed in such a way that the judge remains the final decision-making authority with full control over the process.

Conclusion: This research emphasizes the necessity of establishing a balance between technological efficiency and the guarantee of citizens' rights. The criminal justice system must, while observing fundamental fair trial principles, provide mechanisms enabling the parties to challenge algorithmic results. Ultimately, protecting personal data and maintaining the judge's accountability for AI-assisted decisions are essential for legitimizing this technology in judicial proceedings.